Sql Joins Notes Pdf ◎ (HIGH-QUALITY)

| student_id | course | |------------|-----------| | 1 | Math | | 2 | Science | | 4 | Art | Returns only rows with matching keys in BOTH tables.

-- Query: Books with author names SELECT b.title, a.name FROM books b LEFT JOIN authors a ON b.author_id = a.id; sql joins notes pdf

Document Version 2.0 – Last updated: 2026-04-17 | student_id | course | |------------|-----------| | 1

1. What is a JOIN? A JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. A JOIN clause is used to combine rows

📊 Intersection of A and B. 3.2 LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN) Returns ALL rows from the left table, matched rows from the right table. NULL if no match.

📊 Union of A and B. 3.5 CROSS JOIN Cartesian product – every row in A paired with every row in B. (Use with caution!)